Nome Coastal Plain

Site Name

Primary: Nome Coastal Plain

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Commodity

Primary: Gold
Secondary: Tungsten
Secondary: Silver

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Location

State: Alaska
District: Nome

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Land Status

Not available

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Holdings

Not available

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Workings

Not available

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Ownership

Not available

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Production

Not available

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Deposit

Record Type: Site
Operation Category: Producer
Operation Type: Unknown
Years of Production:
Organization:
Significant:

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Physiography

Not available

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Mineral Deposit Model

Model Name: Placer Au-PGE

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Orebody

Not available

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Structure

Not available

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Alterations

Not available

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Rocks

Not available

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Analytical Data

Not available

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Materials

Ore: Arsenopyrite
Ore: Gold
Ore: Ilmenite
Ore: Magnetite
Ore: Pyrite
Ore: Scheelite
Gangue: Garnet

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Comments

Comment (Geology): Age = Pliocene and Pleistocene.

Comment (Exploration): Status = Active?

Comment (Deposit): Model Name = Alluvial placer Au (Cox and Singer, 1986; model 39a); marine and complex placer deposits.

Comment (Reference): Primary Reference = Metcalfe and Tuck, 1942

Comment (Workings): Workings / Exploration = Exploration and production began with the discovery of Present Beach in 1899 and continued intermittently until 1998.

Comment (Geology): Geologic Description = Pre-Pleistocene and Pleistocene marine and terrestrial sediments, especially near the major source areas of ancestral Snake River, Anvil Creek, and Nome River, contain small amounts of particulate gold. In the early days of the district, prospectors observed that they could obtain colors in sediments throughout the coastal plain (Brooks and others, 1901; Collier and others, 1908, plate X). Certain creeks cut only into the unconsolidated deposits. In those creeks, the gold disseminated in the terrestrial units and in marine sediments was locally concentrated into economic placer deposits by fluvial processes (Metcalfe and Tuck, 1942). Such creeks include Bourbon Creek (NM288), Lower Dry Creek (NM264), below Newton Gulch (NM266), Stevens Creek (NM274), Moss Creek (NM275), Laurada Creek (NM276), and Hastings Creek (NM298). All of these deposits are relatively young and were formed after marine transgression and deposition. Another class of coastal plain alluvial placer deposits formed before marine erosion. These deposits include the ancestral Anvil Creek (see Nome Placer Field, NM251), the Roxie placer and Newton Gulch (NM266). These streams cut headward into bedrock and flowed into the sea at the time Third Beach was formed. Subsequently, the channels were buried and preserved. Metcalfe and Tuck (1942, p. 26) also proposed that Evening Gulch, above the Sunset Creek (NM173) part of the Third Beach, is an old bedrock channel.? Another type of buried placer deposit exists in lower parts of Snake and Nome Rivers and in Otter Creek. The lower 2 miles of Snake River has cut 50 feet below sea level and about 30 feet into bedrock. This part of the Snake River, as well as lower Nome River and lower Otter Creek, contain thick alluvial deposits.? All of the shallow alluvial channels of the coastal plain, both in unconsolidated deposits and in schist bedrock, were discovered and mined in the early days of the Nome district. They had relatively minor production, although the ancestral Anvil Creek drainage was a main gold source for the marine deposits.? the most important deposits of the coastal plain are the Present, Second, and Third beach strandline deposits; also present are Intermediate, Monroeville, and Submarine beach deposits. Submarine Beach is the oldest deposit certainly known (Metcalfe and Tuck, 1942, p. 47). Metcalf and Tuck believed that Submarine Beach was an eroded beachline that formed when sea level stood at about 40 feet and when the coastal plain was rolling hills traversed by an ancestral Anvil Creek. As envisaged by these authors, 'The sea advanced landward, and the Submarine area with its gold concentration was left behind on the abrasion platform. The sea continued to erode into bedrock gold-bearing sources which included the old Anvil Creek channel . . . and as it advanced, it carried a gold concentration on the beach before it. Likewise as the sea continued to advance, its abrasion platform was progressively being lowered so that any gold on its abrasion platform, such as the Submarine concentration, was gradually carried to a lower elevation.' Continued sea advances partially eroded and redistributed concentrations at the Intermediate and Monroeville so called beaches. At the same time, gold continued to be brought from the landward end of the system by ancestral Anvil, Newton, and Dry Creeks, and complex alluvial-marine deposits formed where these creeks entered the sea.

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References

Reference (Deposit): Cobb, E.H., 1972, Metallic mineral resources map of the Nome quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map MF-463, 2 sheets, scale 1:250,000.

Reference (Deposit): Cobb, E.H., 1978, Summary of references to mineral occurrences (other than mineral fuels and construction materials) in the Nome quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File report 78-93, 213 p.

Reference (Deposit): Metcalfe, J.B., and Tuck, Ralph, 1942, Placer gold deposits of the Nome district, Alaska: Report for U.S. Smelting, Refining, and Mining Co., 175 p.

Reference (Deposit): Brooks, A.H., Richardson, G. B., and Collier, A. J., 1901, Reconnaissance in the Cape Nome and Norton Bay regions, Alaska, in 1900: U.S. Geological Survey Special Publication, p. 1-180.

Reference (Deposit): Collier, A. J., Hess, F.L., Smith, P.S., and Brooks, A.H., 1908, The gold placers of parts of Seward Peninsula, Alaska, including the Nome, Council, Kougarok, Port Clarence, and Goodhope precincts: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 328, 343 p.

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