Bonanza Creek

Site Name

Primary: Bonanza Creek

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Commodity

Primary: Gold

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Location

State: Alaska
District: Bristol Bay

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Land Status

Not available

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Holdings

Not available

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Workings

Not available

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Ownership

Not available

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Production

Not available

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Deposit

Record Type: Site
Operation Category: Past Producer
Operation Type: Unknown
Years of Production:
Organization:
Significant:

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Physiography

Not available

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Mineral Deposit Model

Model Name: Polymetallic veins
Model Name: Low-sulfide Au-quartz vein
Model Name: Placer Au-PGE

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Orebody

Not available

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Structure

Not available

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Alterations

Alteration Type: L
Alteration Text: Not applicable

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Rocks

Name: Gravel
Role: Host
Age Type: Host Rock
Age Young: Holocene

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Analytical Data

Not available

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Materials

Ore: Gold

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Comments

Comment (Geology): Age = Quaternary.

Comment (Exploration): Status = Inactive

Comment (Reserve-Resource): Reserves = the near-surface ground water level suggests a fairly loose gravel due to lack of sufficient sediment to 'tighten' the ground. Under these circumstances, the greater gold concentrations (if any) may be on or near bedrock. However, Millet reported finding 'fair' pay in his 14-foot shaft; this makes it a reasonable expectation that appreciable gold values may be found at a number of horizons from surface to bedrock (Jasper, 1961).

Comment (Geology): Geologic Description = Bonanza Creek is both placer gold deposit and gold-quartz vein occurrence. Jasper (1961) reported: evidence indicates that glacial scouring was not an important erosional factor in this area, it is believed that pre-glacial alluvials were undisturbed, and that placer gold concentrations remain more or less as originally deposited along Bonanza Creek . The valley surface width varies from 300 to 700 feet with an average width of 400 feet. The valley alluvials are mostly uniform gravels with some boulders, interpreted as reworked glacial deposits. Stream gradient is 1 to 1.5 percent. The near-surface ground water level suggests a fairly loose gravel due to lack of sufficient sediment to 'tighten' the ground. Under these circumstances, the greater gold concentrations (if any) may be on or near bedrock (Jasper, 1961). ? Bedrock is shale, argillite, and graywacke cut by porphyritic granitic dikes. The sediments strike N 40 to 45 E, and dip varies from 60 to 75 SW. Many quartz veins were noted by Jasper (1961) but only one was closely examined. The 12-foot-wide mineralized shear zone contains quartz veins with 5 to 6 percent pyrite, minor arsenopyrite, and some free gold. The shear zone stikes E, and dips 45 to 50 N. The shear zone extends 150 feet up slope. The quartz occurs in more or less continuous stringer from a few inches to 10 or 12 inches in width. One pan sample taken accross 18 inches of outcrop showed 3 fine gold colors. The sample was not crushed to free possible gold included in quartz fragments (Jasper, 1961).?

Comment (Workings): Workings / Exploration = Brooks (1913) reported first encouraging prospects from benches of Bonanza Creek. By 1914, hand drills were in use to test placer ground in the Bonanza Creek drainage (Brooks, 1915; Jasper, 1961). ? Jasper (1961) described the historic activity at Bonanza Creek: O.B. Millet was one of the original locators and spent 5 years propsecting his claims. He first sunk a 14 foot shaft which had to be abandoned because his hand pump could not handle the amount of water. Millet did not reach bedrock but he reported finding pay. He next got $400 (including nuggets up to $1.50 - with gold at $20.67/oz) from 100 cubic yards of material from a narrow channel 80 feet above the 14 foot shaft. In the mid-1920s, Millet brought a 4-inch hand drill and a hand pump to test the valley alluvials. Six holes were drilled - three holes 6 miles below Gill camp and three holes 1.75 miles below Gill camp. The gold values were too low to warrent a mining operation. During the 1930's, a 4-inch drill was brought to the area overland from Nondalton. Enroute several holes were drilled on Dummy and Chilikindrotna Creeks with discouraging results. No holes were put down on Bonanza Creek due to lack of funds and the venture was abandoned. ? Cobb (1973) indicated that there has been extensive prospecting, but total production, including from tributaries, was less than 150 oz. The valley might be capable of supporting a small dredge or a dragline operation.

Comment (Deposit): Model Number = 39a, 36a, or 22c

Comment (Deposit): Other Comments = None.

Comment (Production): Production Notes = Principal site of prospecting in Mulchatna basin; total gold production since 1912 of the area probably less than 3,000 oz (Nelson and others, 1985).

Comment (Reference): Primary Reference = Eakins and others, 1978

Comment (Deposit): Model Name = Placer Au and Au-quartz veins or Polymetallic veins ? (Cox and Singer, 1986; model 39a and 36a or 22c ?)

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References

Reference (Deposit): MacKevett, E.M., Jr., and Holloway, C.D., 1977, Map showing metalliferous mineral deposits in the western part of southern Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 77-169-F, 38 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:1,000,000.

Reference (Deposit): Brooks, A.H., 1925, Alaska's mineral resources and production, 1923: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 773, p. 3-52.

Reference (Deposit): Capps, S.R., 1932, The Lake Clark-Mulchatna region: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 824, 181 p.

Reference (Deposit): Cobb, E.H., and Reed, B.L., 1981, Summaries of data on and lists of references to metallic and selected nonmetallic mineral occurrences in the Iliamna, Lake Clark, Lime Hills, and McGrath quadrangles, Alaska - Supplement to Open-File Report 76-485: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-1343-B, 20 p.

Reference (Deposit): Capps, S.R., 1935, The southern Alaska Range: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 862, 101 p.

Reference (Deposit): Brooks, A.H., 1915, Mineral resources of Alaska in 1914: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 622, 238 p.

Reference (Deposit): Eakins, G.R., Gilbert W.G., and Buntzen, T.K., 1978, Preliminary bedrock geology and mineral resource potential of west-central Lake Clark quadrangle, Alaska: Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys Open-File Report 118, 15 p.

Reference (Deposit): Brooks, A.H., 1913, Mineral resources of Alaska, report on progress of investigations in 1912: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 542, 308 p.

Reference (Deposit): Cobb, E.H., 1973, Placer deposits of Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1374, 213 p.

Reference (Deposit): Cobb, E.H., 1972, Metallic mineral map of the Lake Clark quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map MF-378, 1 sheet, scale 1:250,000.

Reference (Deposit): Cobb, E.H., 1976, Summary of references to mineral occurrences (other than mineral fuels and construction materials) in the Iliamna, Lake Clark, Lime Hills, and McGrath quadrangles, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 76-485.

Reference (Deposit): Cobb, E.H., and Reed, B.L., 1981, Summaries of data on and lists of references to metallic and selected nonmetallic mineral occurrences in the Iliamna, Lake Clark, Lime Hills, and McGrath quadrangles, Alaska - Supplement to Open-File Report 76-485: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-1343-A, 25 p.

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