Apex Lead & Vanadium Mining Corp.

Site Name

Primary: Apex Lead & Vanadium Mining Corp.
Secondary: Kalamazoo
Secondary: San Manuel Mine
Secondary: San Manuel / Kalamazoo
Secondary: Magma Copper Copany Property
Secondary: Quarelli Group

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Commodity

Primary: Copper
Secondary: Gold
Secondary: Molybdenum
Secondary: Lead
Secondary: Silver
Secondary: Vanadium
Secondary: Zinc
Secondary: Rhenium
Tertiary: Titanium

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Location

State: Arizona
County: Pinal
District: San Manuel

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Land Status

Land ownership: Private
Note: the land ownership field only identifies whether the area the mine is in is generally on public lands like Forest Service or BLM land, or if it is in an area that is generally private property. It does not definitively identify property status, nor does it indicate claim status or whether an area is open to prospecting. Always respect private property.

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Holdings

Type: State Lease
Type: Patented

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Workings

Type: Underground

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Ownership

Owner Name: BHP BILLITON GROUP
Percent: 100.0
Home Office: Neathouse Place Victoria London ENG SWIV 1BH United Kingdom
Info Year: 2003
Years: 2001 -

Owner Name: Magma Copper Co.
Years: 1988 -

Owner Name: Quintana Minerals Corp.
Percent: 100.0
Home Office: Arizona
Info Year: 1967

Owner Name: Magma Copper Co.
Percent: 100.0
Home Office: Arizona
Info Year: 1980

Owner Name: Magma Copper Co.
Company ID: 200151
Home Office: Arizona
Info Year: 1995

Owner Name: Broken Hill Proprietary Co. Ltd.
Percent: 100.0
Home Office: Australia
Info Year: 1996
Years: 1996 -

Owner Name: Bhp Copper
Percent: 100.0
Home Office: Arizona
Info Year: 1996
Years: 1996 - 2001

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Production

Year: 2002
Material type: Production year to June 2002. BHP production report p.2.
Year: 1999
Time Period: 1955-1999
Mined: 640000000.00 mt
Material type: Underground mine total ore production. Closed in August 1999. AZ DMMR Mining Update 2002-2003 p. 2.
Year: 2001
Material type: Production year to June 2001. BHP production report p.2.
Year: 2000
Material type: Production year to June 2000. BHP production report p.2.
Year: 1997
Material type: Arizona Department of Mining and Mineral Resources 1998 Mining Update.
Year: 1998
Material type: Arizona Department of Mining and Mineral Resources 1999 Mining Update.
Year: 1993
Material type: Magma 1994 10K.
Year: 1994
Material type: Magma 1994 10K.
Year: 1996
Material type: Arizona Dept Mines and Mineral Resources Mining Update 1997.
Year: 1992
Year: 1992
Mined: 50714000.000 mt
Material type: ore
Description: 50714000 Mt Ore Mined, produced 103060 Mt Cu
Year: 1992
Mined: 10316000.000 mt
Material type: Oxide Ore
Description: 10316000 Mt Oxide Ore Mined, produced 39140 Mt Cu Prod Frm Heap Leach, 10810 Mt Cu Prod Frm In-Situ leach
Year: 1991
Mined: 11863000.000 mt
Material type: Oxide Ore
Description: 11863000 Mt Oxide Ore Mined, produced 30340 Mt Cu Prod Frm Heap Leach, 11192 Mt Cu Prod Frm In-Situ
Year: 1990
Mined: 21265000.000 mt
Material type: ore
Description: 21265000 Mt Ore Mined, produced 84010000 Mt Cu
Year: 1990
Mined: 9861000.000 mt
Material type: oxide ore
Description: 9861000 Mt Oxide Ore Mined, produced 25130 Mt Cu Prod Frm Heap Leach, 11340 Mt Cu Prod Frm In-Situ
Year: 1991
Year: 1991
Mined: 17013000.000 mt
Material type: ore
Description: 17013000 Mt Ore Mined, produced 100634 Mt Cu
Year: 1989
Year: 1989
Mined: 15043000.000 mt
Material type: ore
Description: 15043000 Mt Ore Mined, Produced 82006 Mt Cu
Year: 1989
Mined: 8543000.000 mt
Material type: oxide ore
Description: 8543000 Mt Oxide Ore Mined, produced 27280 Mt Cu from Heap Leach/Sx-Ew Ciruit and 3952 Mt Cu Prod From In-Situ
Year: 1990
Year: 1988
Mined: 14598000.000 mt
Material type: ore
Description: 14598000 Mt Ore Mined, Produced 83026 Mt Cu
Year: 1988
Mined: 6526000.000 mt
Material type: oxide ore
Description: 6526000 Mt Oxide Ore Mined, Produced 27132 Mt Cu From Heap and In-Situ Leach/Sx-Ew Circuit
Year: 1987
Mined: 6700000.000 mt
Material type: oxide ore
Description: 6700000 Mt Oxide Ore Mined, Produced 22872 Mt Cu Prod Frm Heap and In_Situ Leach/Sx-Ew Circuit,
Year: 1987
Year: 1987
Year: 1987
Mined: 14700000.000 mt
Material type: ore
Description: 14700000 Mt Ore Mined, Produced 86600 Mt Cu,
Year: 1986
Mined: 6098000.000 mt
Material type: oxide ore
Description: 6098000 Mt Oxide Ore Mined, Produced 9387 Mt Cu Prod Frm Heap and In-Situ Leach/Sx-Ew Circuit
Year: 1985
Mined: 15783000.000 mt
Material type: ore
Description: 15,773,00 Mt Ore Milled 15783000 Mt Ore Mined, Produced 98558 Mt Cu, 2571 Mt Mos2, 26664 Kgs Ag, 844 Kgs Au
Year: 1986
Mined: 15930000.000 mt
Material type: ore
Description: 15,930,00 Mt Ore Milled 15930000 Mt Ore Mined, Produced 88967 Mt Cu, 2763 Mt Mos2, 30589 Kgs Ag, 812 Kgs Au
Year: 1984
Mined: 18482840.000 mt
Year: 1984
Mined: 18447000.000 mt
Material type: ore
Description: 18,483,000 Mt Ore Milled 18447000 Mt Ore Mined, Produced 109175 Mt Cu, 3047 Mt Mos2, 17090 Kgs Ag, 882 Kgs Au
Year: 1983
Mined: 16623000.000 mt
Material type: ore
Description: 16,517,000 Mt Ore Milled 16623000 Mt Ore Mined, Produced 99109 Mt Cu, 2629 Mt Mos2, 723 Kgs Au
Year: 1982
Mined: 16514000.000 mt
Material type: ore
Description: 16,514,000 Mt Ore Milled 16514000 Mt Ore Mined. 98650 Mt Cu, 2867 Mt Mos2, 17137 Kgs Ag, 839 Kgs Au
Year: 1981
Mined: 20100000.000 mt
Material type: ore
Description: 20100000 Metric Tons Ore
Year: 1979
Mined: 19800000.000 mt
Material type: ore
Description: 19800000 Metric Tons Ore
Year: 1980
Mined: 12500000.000 mt
Material type: ore
Description: 12500000 Metric Tons Ore
Year: 1966
Material type: CU
Year: 1978
Mined: 17800000.000 mt
Material type: ore
Description: 17800000 Metric Tons Ore

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Deposit

Record Type: Deposit
Operation Category: Past Producer
Deposit Type: Porphyry Cu-Mo
Operation Type: Surface-Underground
Mining Method: Open Pit
Milling Method: Flotation
Year First Production: 1955
Year Last Production: 2002
Discovery Year: 1879
Years of Production:
Organization:
Significant: Y
Deposit Size: L

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Physiography

General Physiographic Area: Intermontane Plateaus
Physiographic Province: Basin And Range Province
Physiographic Section: Mexican Highland

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Mineral Deposit Model

Model Name: Porphyry Cu

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Orebody

Name: KALAMAZOO
Form: TABULAR, U-SHAPED

Name: SAN MANUEL
Form: TABULAR, U-SHAPED

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Structure

Type: L
Structure: San Manuel Fault (N66w, Dip 26sw) Displaces Ore Body, Younger Normal Faults

Type: R
Structure: Nnw Trending Block Faulting

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Alterations

Alteration Type: L
Alteration: Potassic

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Rocks

Name: Quartz Monzonite
Role: Host
Age Type: Host Rock
Age Young: Mesoproterozoic

Name: Diabase
Role: Host
Age Type: Host Rock
Age Young: Proterozoic

Name: Monzonite
Role: Host
Age Type: Host Rock Unit
Age in Years: 67.000000+-2.000000
Dating Method: K-Ar
Material Analyzed: Biotite
Age Young: Tertiary
Age Old: Late Cretaceous

Name: Quartz Monzonite
Role: Host
Age Type: Host Rock Unit
Age in Years: 67.000000+-2.000000
Dating Method: K-Ar
Material Analyzed: Biotite
Age Young: Tertiary
Age Old: Late Cretaceous

Name: Diorite
Role: Associated
Age Type: Associated Rock Unit
Age Young: Neoproterozoic

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Analytical Data

Analytical Data: EQUANT RUTILE GRAINS OVER 20 MICRONS, ABOUT 0.5% IN K-FELDSPAR

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Materials

Ore: Atacamite
Ore: Chrysocolla
Ore: Molybdenite
Ore: Silver
Ore: Cuprite
Ore: Gold
Ore: Chalcocite
Ore: Chalcopyrite
Ore: Covellite
Ore: Copper
Ore: Malachite
Ore: Pyrite
Ore: Rutile
Ore: Wulfenite
Ore: Magnetite
Ore: Bornite
Gangue: Alunite
Gangue: Barite
Gangue: Biotite
Gangue: Chlorite
Gangue: Fluorite
Gangue: Goethite
Gangue: Kaolinite
Gangue: Quartz
Gangue: Sericite

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Comments

Comment (Production): Product Rec Pe: Copper Cathode Produced At Sx-Ew Plant Sent To Copper Rod Plant Located At The Mill/Smelter Complex. There The Copper Is Made Into Continuous Cast Rod 5/16 In Diam, Which Is Standard Feedstock For Wire & Communications Cable Industry.

Comment (Geology): Some Gold Is Floated With The Molybdenum Conc. And Is Recovered In The Cyanide Circuit But The Data Base Shows All Gold And Silver Going With The Copper Conc. In Pa And Pc Products. The Cyanide Circuit Operating And Capital Costs Were Not Included In The Mill Costs Because The Values Would Be Very Small And Would Not Affect The Economics Of The Property Labor Recs 1010-1013: Labor Manning Table And Rates Provided By Orville Keane, Mafo

Comment (Production): Exploration History Recs 9, 10, & 11 Refer To Kalamazoo Ore 1982 - 1992 Production Data Obtained From Magma Copper Company, Az Dept Of Mines & Min. Res Special Reports On The Primary Copper Industry Of Az. 1992 Production History From Magma Copper 1992 Ann Rept. P. 12. Dec 31, 1987. P. 4.

Comment (Ownership): Some Gold Is Floated With The Molybdenum Conc. And Is Recovered In The Cyanide Circuit But The Data Base Shows All Gold And Silver Going With The Copper Conc. In Pa And Pc Products. The Cyanide Circuit Operating And Capital Costs Were Not Included In The Mill Costs Because The Values Would Be Very Small And Would Not Affect The Economics Of The Property Labor Recs 1010-1013: Labor Manning Table And Rates Provided By Mafo. Newmont Mining Corp. Spun Off Magma Copper Company As A Separate Corporate Entity In September 1986 Corporate Headquarters Address: Magma Copper Co. 200-7400 Oracle Rd. Tucson, Az 85704 San Manuel Address: P.O.Box M San Manuel, Az 85631-0460

Comment (Identification): Data merged from San Manuel-Kalamazoo Mine- Deposit ID 10106909

Comment (Production): THE MINE ALSO PRODUCED 3,352 mt OF MOLYBDENUM DISULFIDE. (Minerals Economics Group)

Comment (Production): OF THE 110,179 MT CU PRODUCED, 73,800 MT CAME FROM UNDERGROUND PRODUCTION, 12,837 MT CAME FROM SLAG PRODUCTION, 22,635 MT CAME FROM THE OXIDE OPEN PIT, 635 MT CAME FROM IN-SITU LEACHING, AND 272 MT CAME FROM "OTHER".

Comment (Production): OF THE 111,222 MT PRODUCED, 78,155 MT CAME FROM UNDERGROUND, 27,715 MT CAME FROM THE OXIDE OPEN-PIT, 3,946 MT CAME FROM THE IN-SITU OPERATION, AND 1,406 MT CAME FROM "OTHER".

Comment (Production): OF THE 121,792 MT CU PRODUCED, 82,873 MT CAME FROM UNDERGROUND, 26,082 MT CAME FROM THE OXIDE OPEN PIT, 11,340 MT CAME FROM THE IN-SITU OPERATION, AND 1,497 MT CAME FROM "OTHER".

Comment (Production): OF THE 143,292 MT CU PRODUCED, 99,928 MT CAME FROM UNDERGROUND, 30,391 MT CAME FROM THE OXIDE OPEN PIT, 11,204 MT CAME FROM THE IN-SITU OPERATION, AND 1,769 MT CAME FROM "OTHER".

Comment (Production): Of the total, 103,097 mt were contained in concentrate from the underground mine, 45,442 mt were electrowon from the open pit, and 10,876 mt were electrowon from in situ leaching.

Comment (Orebody): The Kalamazoo orebody is immediately adjacent to the San Manuel orebody.

Comment (Commodity): Other Minor Elements Present Include Ni, Co, Mn, Cr, Sr, Ba, Sn, Cd, Bi

Comment (Production): Of the total 152,609 mt Cu produced, 103,262 mt was copper in concentrates and the remaining 49,347 mt was cathode copper from SXEW circuits.

Comment (Economic Factors): Update--The Development Schedule Has Been Revised Because Newmont Has Recently Released Reserve Figures For San Manuel And Kalamazoo Ore Bodies That Are Smaller Than The Reserve Figures Known At The Time Of The Original Evaluation, Resulting In A Shorter Mine Life. At The Present Mine Rate At San Manuel Mine Life Will End During Second Half Of 1992. Kalamazoo Mine Due To Begin Operating In 1989, But Production Will Not Be Significant Until 1993 When San Manuel Deposit Exhausted. For This Evaluation Kalamazoo Mine Operation Does Not Commence Until 1993. The Open Pit Mine Has A Life Of About 7 Yrs As Of Jan 1988: The Mine Will Produce About 22,500 Mtpy Cu. The Underground In-Situ Leach Operation Will Produce Another 22,500 Mtpy Cu For 7 Yrs (As Of Jan 1987), Then Production Will Double For Another 10 Yrs (Up Thru 2004)

Comment (Reserve-Resource): Oxide Resource: Open Pit- 11,167,000 Mt @ 0.591 % Cu Residual In Heaps- 32,720 Mt Recoverable Cu In-Situ Leach- 178,556,000 Mt @ 0.556 % Cu Reserve Stated In Data Field Is Combined San Manuel And Kalamazoo Ore Bodies. Source: Magma Copper Sec Form 10-K Report, Dec 31, 1993, P. 17.

Comment (Deposit): Mineralization Is Associated With Intrusion Of Late Cretaceous-Early Tertiary Monzonite Porphyry And Mineralization Occurs In Both The Porphyry And The Pre Intrusive Rocks. Ore Body Has Two Main Parts (Created By Faulting Of Original Orebody) Separated By A Zone Of Scarce Sulfides. At Depth The Two Parts Converge. San Manuel Fault Divided The Original Cylindrical Ore Body Into Two Halves, The Upper Kalamazoo And The Lower San Manuel Ore Bodies, Displacement About 8000 Ft. (Sandbak L A, and Alexander G H, 1995)

Comment (Development): Main Body Discovered In 1942 By Henry W. Nichols. Drilling Exploration Extended From 1943-1948. First Shaft Sunk In 1948.

Comment (Geology): Monzonite Porphyry Intruded Oracle Granite.

Comment (Location): Ulat-Long Is For Old San Manuel Shaft At Red Hill; Deposits Extend To Southwest. ; Info From Land.St :1979

Comment (Workings): Mined By Block Caving; The San Manuel Fault Divided The Original Cylindrical Ore Body Into Two Halves The Upper Half Being The Kalamazoo Ore Body And The Lower Half The San Manuel Ore Body; Displacement Approx. 8000 Ft

Comment (Deposit): The Property Was Visited On March 17, 1978. Updated May 1983. Property Updated Sep 1988 Also Includes Msha.Dbf #0200842 - San Manuel Mill And #0202318 For The Kalamazoo Property. When Kalamazoo Property Is Split Off Add This Msha.Dbf # To Mines Id And Respondent Id In Mils. The Evaluator Has Made The Assumption That The San Manuel Kalamazoo Orebodies Will Be Treated As One Ore Deposit Using The Same Mining Method And The Existing Facilities. The Properties Have Been Combined Into One File. Matrix 1 Refers To The San Manuel Orebody And Matrix 2 Refers To The Kalamazoo Orebody. The Smelter And Refiner Are On Site. Mils Point Of Reference Is Production Shafts At Mine

Comment (Reserve-Resource): Product Rec Pe: Copper Cathode Produced At Sx-Ew Plant Sent To Copper Rod Plant Located At The Mill/Smelter Complex. There The Copper Is Made Into Continuous Cast Rod 5/16 In Diam, Which Is Standard Feedstock For Wire & Communications Cable Industry. M1c1=R1 Matrix 1, Col 1 = Res Rec 1 Matrix 1 = San Manuel Ore Reserves Tonnage And Copper Grades From Magma Copper Co Sec Fm 10-K Report. Dec 31, 1987, P. 12-13. And Molybdenum, Gold And Silver Grades From Magma Copper Co Information Statement. March 10, 1987, P. 21. Ore Reserves Stated As Proven & Probable Matrix 2 = Kalamazoo Ore Reserves M2c1=R2+R5 Matrix 2, Col 1 = Res Rec 2 + Res Rec 5 M3c1=R3 Matrix 3, Col 1 = Res Rec 3 M4c1=R4 Matrix 4, Col 1 = Res Rec 4 Matrix 3 = San Manuel Oxide Reserves (Proven & Probable) That Will Be Mined By Open Pit. Copper Grade Stated As Acid-Soluble Assay. (From Magma Copper Co. Dec 31, 1987 Sec Fm 10-K Report, P. 12.) Matrix 4 = San Manuel Oxide Reserves -In Situ (Classified As Probable Reserves Because Percentage Of Recovery Uncertain). Copper Grade Stated As Acid-Soluble. (Source: Magma Copper Sec Fm 10-K. Dec 31, 1987, P. 12.) M9c4=M1c1 Matrix 9, Col 4 = Matrix 1, Col 1 M9c5=M2c1 Matrix 9, Col 5 = Matrix 2, Col 1 M9c6=M3c1 Matrix 9, Col 6 = Matrix 3, Col 1 Res Rec 6 = San Manuel Mineral Resources Above 2,675 & 2,950 Ft Levels Have Been Drilled And Defined As Marginal Grade Material In Or Near The Main Deposit Res Recs 7 & 8 Are Reserves Contained Within Shaft Pillar. These Reserves Could Be Mined After San Manuel And Kalamazoo Orebodies Are Exhausted And Shafts Are Closed. New Shaft Would Have To Be Sunk To Mine These Reserves M5c1=R6 Matrix 5, Col 1 = Res Rec 6 M6c1=R7+R8 Matrix 6, Col 1 = Res Rec 7 + Res Rec 8

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References

Reference (Deposit): MYRICK DAVEI, F. RAILROADS OF ARIZONA, VOL 11, 1980, P726.

Reference (Workings): ______. MAGMA'S IN SITU LEACHING AND SX-EW EXPANSION ON SCHEDULE. PAYDIRT (SW ED), OCT 1987, PP. 10A-12A.

Reference (Deposit): ADMR U FILE:

Reference (Deposit): ADMR MAGMA COPPER CO. FILE; TECHNICAL PAPERS:

Reference (Deposit): ADMR MAGMA COPPER CO. FILE; SAN MANUEL DIVISION ACTIVE FILE:

Reference (Deposit): ADMR ST. ANTHONY MINERAL & DEVELOPMENT COMPANY FILE:

Reference (Deposit): ADMR MAGMA COPPER CO. FILE; MISCELLANEOUS:

Reference (Deposit): ADMR MAGMA COPPER CORPORATION FILE; KALAMAZOO PROJECT:

Reference (Deposit): USGS MAMMOTH QUAD:

Reference (Deposit): ORE TRANSPORTATION AT SAN MANUEL BY C.F. CIGLIANA, MAY, 1958, MINING ENGINEERING.

Reference (Deposit): LATERAL AND VERTICAL ALTERATION-MINERALIZATION ZONING IN PORPHYRY ORE DEPOSITS BY J. DAVID LOWELL AND JOHN M. GUILBERT FROM ECONOMIC GEOLOGY, JUNE-JULY, 1970, NO. 4.

Reference (Deposit): MAGMA FACTS - 7-1-77, COMPANY LITERATURE

Reference (Workings): WALENGA, KAREN. PROJECT DOUBLES ELECTROWON CAPACITY TO 50,000 TPY. PAYDIRT (SW ED.), APR 1988, PP. 4A-5A.

Reference (Workings): BURT, C. W. INVESTIGATIONS INTO IN-SITU LEACHING AT SAN MANUEL. AZ AIME PRES. SPRING MEETING, MAY 2, 1987, 14 PP.

Reference (Deposit): SOUTHWESTERN PAY DIRT, 4/93, P.3A,9A.

Reference (Deposit): DILLARD, GARY, MAGMA BOARD APPROVES $134 MILLION TO DEVELOPe LOWER K, SOUTHWESTERN PAY DIRT, 4/93, P.3A.

Reference (Workings): IN-SITU OPERATION

Reference (Deposit): DONALDSON, JERRY, MAGMA'S TAILINGS RECLAIMATION AND VEGETATION WORK DETAILED, SOUTHWESTERN PAY DIRT, 10/91, P.18A-20A.

Reference (Workings): MAGMA UPDATE (MAGMA COPPER COMPANY NEWSPAPER), MAY 1988, P. 3.

Reference (Workings): O'COYNE, C. 51 MILLION TONS HAVE BEEN MINED FROM OPEN PIT.

Reference (Workings): NIELSON, M. C. DUMP LEACH & SX-EW OPERATIONS. AZ AIME PRES SPRING MEETING, MAY 2, 1987, 11 PP.

Reference (Workings): MAGMA UPDATE (MAGMA COPPER COMPANY NEWSPAPER), JUL 1988, P. 9.

Reference (Workings): MAGMA COPPER COMPANY. SAN MANUEL OXIDE PROJECT INFORMATION PAPER. 1988, 6 PP.

Reference (Deposit): THE MINING RECORD, JULY 31, 1996, VOL 107, #31, PP. 1, 4. "SAN MANUEL; LARGEST UNDERGROUND COPPER MINE IN NORTH AMERICA".

Reference (Deposit): WALL STREET JOURNAL, 3/22/93, P.B5.

Reference (Deposit): GRAHAM, JOHN AND RON ALLUM, SW PAY DIRT, 12-95, P10A.

Reference (Deposit): MINING JOURNAL, V 323/ N 8297, 10/14/94, P.269,270.

Reference (Deposit): MAGMA COPPER CO., MAGMA UPDATE, 7/91, P.7.

Reference (Deposit): SOUTHWESTERN PAY DIRT, 7/91, P.14A.

Reference (Deposit): CHADWICK, JOHN, MAGMA'S LOWER K PROCEEDS AT LAST, MINING MAGAZINE, 10/94, P.186-192.

Reference (Deposit): JENKINS, J.G., COPPER HEAP LEACHING AT SAN MANUEL, MINING ENGINEERING, 9/94, P.1094-1098.

Reference (Deposit): MINING RECORD, 8/17/94, P.16.

Reference (Deposit): LAWHON, KENNEY, BRIAN EMLING & JIM NORBY, SAN MANUEL SHAFTS HOIST 600 MILLIONTH TON OF ORE SINCE 1955, SOUTHWESTERN PAY DIRT, 7/94, P.8A-10A.

Reference (Deposit): SOUTHWESTERN PAY DIRT, 9/93, P.3A.

Reference (Deposit): MINING MAGAZINE, 5/94, P.253.

Reference (Deposit): MINING RECORD, 10/20/93, P.12,13.

Reference (Deposit): MINING RECORD, 8/25/93, P.13.

Reference (Deposit): MINING RECORD, 5/5/93, P.12.

Reference (Workings): HALL, G. BLASTING OPEN PIT BENCHES IS CAREFUL PROCEDURE.

Reference (Workings): PAYDIRT (AZ ED.), MAR 1985, P. 4A-6A.

Reference (Deposit): MCGREGOR, DOUG, SAM MANUEL OXIDE AND SX-EW OPERATIONS EXPLAINED IN DETAIL, SOUTHWESTERN PAY DIRT, 6/91, P.7A-10A.

Reference (Deposit): EPLER, BILL, FIRST PROJECT IN 1985 TOOK LOTS OF COURAGE, SOUTHWESTERN PAY DIRT, 6/91, P.4A-6A.

Reference (Workings): _______. MAGMA TO DEVELOP OPENPIT MINE AT SAN MANUEL.

Reference (Deposit): MAGMA COPPER CO., HISTORY AND DISCOVERY OF THE KALAMAZOO A FASCINATING STORY, FROM MAGMA UPDATE, SOUTHWESTERN PAY DIRT, 3/91, P.8A,9A.

Reference (Workings): EPLER, B. MAGMA IS ROLLING ON NEW OXIDE MINE, SX-EW PLANT.

Reference (Deposit): NEWMONT MINING PROSPECTUS, 5-5-69, TONS AND GRADE

Reference (Workings): WALENGA, KAREN. FACILITY WILL ADD 25,000 TPY OF CATHODE COPPER. PAYDIRT (SW ED.), AUG 1986, PP. 4A-5A.

Reference (Deposit): SAN MANUEL'S NEW PROCESS FOR THE RECOVERY OF MOLYBDENITE BY HARRY K. BURKE AND JOSEPH F. SHIRLEY, SOCIETY OF MINING ENGINEERS, PREPRINT NO. 65810, 1965.

Reference (Workings): _______. $4 MILLION IN SITU LEACHING TEST ALSO UNDERWAY BY MAGMA. PAYDIRT (SW ED.), AUG 1986, P. 6A.

Reference (Production): SX-EW PLANT OPERATION

Reference (Deposit): CHAPMAN, THOMAS L., SAN MANUEL COPPER CEPOSIT, USGS R1 4108, 1947

Reference (Deposit): EPLER, BILL, MAGMA MAKING GOOD PROGRESS ON MITIGATING TAILINGS PONDS, SOUTHWESTERN PAY DIRT, 10/91, P.16A,17A.

Reference (Deposit): EPLER, BILL, MAGMA AND UNIONS SIGN PACT TO CUT COSTS, EXTEND MINING, SOUTHWESTERN PAY DIRT, 8/91, P.6A.

Reference (Deposit): ADMR FILES:

Reference (Deposit): ADMR DIRECTORY OF ACTIVE MINES IN ARIZONA, 1980, P13.

Reference (Deposit): FROM PUBLIC RELATIONS DEPT.:"THE PLANT" AND "THE MINE" GENERAL INFORMATION PUBLICATIONS - EXCELLENT INFORMATION

Reference (Deposit): ZABURUNOV, STEVEN A., MAGMA INDEPENDENCE- OLD RESOURCES, NEW TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MINING JOURNAL, 1/90, P.C30-C35.

Reference (Deposit): WALENGA, KAREN, SX-EW PRODUCTION OF 37,000 TPY WILL KEEP RISING, SOUTHWESTERN PAY DIRT, 11/89, P.4A-6A.

Reference (Production): BRUNSKILL, G. R. & D. L. WERNKE. CONVERSION TO TWENTY-SIX INCH CYCLONES AT THE SAN MANUEL DIVISION. AZ AIME PRES. SPRING MEETING, MAY 2, 1987, 5 PP.

Reference (Production): SULFIDE CONCENTRATOR

Reference (Production): BRUNSKILL, G. R. MAGMA SAN MANUEL MOLYBDENITE RECOVERY CIRCUIT - AN OPERATIONAL REVIEW. MIN & MET PROCESSING,AUG 1986, PP. 180-183.

Reference (Production): TION-ELECTROWINNING (IN-SITU) EXPANSION. AZ AIME PRES. SPRING MEETING, MAY 2, 1987, 10 PP.

Reference (Production): MC EVER, J. D. ELECTROLYTIC REFINERY AND SOLVENT EXTRACTION-ELECTROWINNING (IN-SITU) EXPANSION. AZ AIME PRES.

Reference (Production): EPLER, B. MAGMA'S NEW SX-EW PLANT STARTS CUTTING PRODUCTION COSTS. PAYDIRT (SW ED.), SEP 1986, PP. 10A-11A.

Reference (Production): CLINGAN, B. V. & D. MC GREGOR. COLUMN FLOTATION EXPERIENCE AT MAGMA COPPER COMPANY, WITH RELATED EXPERIENCE OF OTHER MINERAL PROCESSORS. AIME PRES. ANNUAL MEETING, DENVER, CO, FEB 24, 1987. 5 PP.

Reference (Reserve-Resource): MAGMA COPPER CO. SEC FM 10-K, DEC 31, 1993, P. 17.

Reference (Production): DAYTON, S. H. MAGMA MODERNIZES SAN MANUEL'S BIG CU-MO CONCENTRATOR. E&MJ, 1988, PP. 44-47.

Reference (Production): DAVIS, F. C. MAGMA'S SODIUM HYDROSULFIDE MOLYBDENITE PROCESS. AZ AIME CON. PRES. SPRING MEETING, MAY 16, 1987, 15 PP.

Reference (Reserve-Resource): BROKEN HILL PTY. CO. LTD., 1996 ANNUAL REPORT TO SHARE-HOLDERS, STATISTICAL SUPPLEMENT, P.16.

Reference (Reserve-Resource): MAGMA COPPER COMPANY 1994 10K, P.19.

Reference (Deposit): SEANEY, RICK, MAGMA'S KALAMAZOO TEAM HITS $4 PER TON, SHOOTING FOR $3.50, SOUTHWESTERN PAY DIRT, 1/93, P.3A.

Reference (Deposit): MINING ENGINEERING, 9/92, P.1086,1087.

Reference (Deposit): SIEDENBURG, WILLIAM G., MAGMA COPPER COMPANY, SMITH BARNEY,8/25/92, 23PP.

Reference (Deposit): JENKINS, JACKSON G., COPPER HEAP LEACH- FROM PERMITS TO CATHODES, AIME-SME 1993 ANNUAL MEETING, FEBRUARY 15-18,1993, 93-279, 11PP.

Reference (Deposit): DILLARD, GARY, MAGMA NET EASES UPWARD DESPITE BIG COPPER ORICE DECLINE, SOUTHWESTERN PAY DIRT, 12/91, P.25A.

Reference (Geology): Force E R, Dickinson W R, Hagstrum J T 1995 - Tilting history of the San Manuel-Kalamazoo Porphyry system, southeastern Arizona: in Econ. Geol. v90 pp 67-80

Reference (Geology): Thomas L A 1966 - Geology of the Sam Manuel ore body: in Titley S R, Hicks C L 1966 Geology of the Porphyry Copper Deposits, Southwestern North America University of Arizona Press, Tucson, pp 133-142

Reference (Geology): Sandbak L A, Alexander G H 1995 - Geology and rock mechanics of the Kalamazoo Orebody, San Manuel, Arizona: in Pierce F W, Bolm J G (Eds), Porphyry Copper Deposits of the American Cordillera Arizona Geol. Soc. Digest 20 pp 396-423

Reference (Deposit): 1965 DIREXPL QUINTAN

Reference (Reserve-Resource): MINING RECORD, 1972; SAWYER AND OTHERS, 1992.

Reference (Other Database): CIMRI

Reference (Deposit): BURKE, H.K., SHIRLEY, J.F., 1965, SAN MANUEL'S NEW PROCESS FOR MOLYBDENITE RECOVERY: MINING ENG. V. 17, NO. 3SAWYER, M.B., GURMENDI, A.C., DALEY, M.R., AND HOWELL, S.B., 1992, PRINCIPAL DEPOSITS OF STRATEGIC AND CRITICAL MINERALS IN ARIZONA: U.S. BUREAU OF MINES SPECIAL PUBLICATION, 334 P.

Reference (Deposit): SAN MANUEL-ENGINEERING AND MINING JOURNAL, APRIL, 1956, P.75

Reference (Deposit): HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE SAN MANUEL MINE BY JOHN F. BUCHANAN AND FRANK H. BUCHELLA FROM: AIME VOL. 217, FEBRUARY, 1960.

Reference (Workings): OXIDE OPEN PIT OPERATION

Reference (Workings): ENG. & MIN. JOURNAL. MAGMA REORGANIZES PRODUCTION AT SAN MANUEL. DEC. 1986. PP. 12-14.

Reference (Age): McCandless, T.E. and Ruiz, J. 1992, Dating sulfide mineralization by molybdenite Re-Os geochronometry; the San Manuel-Kalamazoo base metal porphyry, southwestern Arizona; Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, v. 24, no. 7, p. 299.

Reference (Deposit): SKILLINGS', 11/9/91, P.5.

Reference (Deposit): CREASEY & PELLETIER, 1965, USGS PP 471

Reference (Deposit): SCHWARTZ, 1953, USGS PP 256

Reference (Deposit): THOMAS, 1966, IN TITLEY & HICKS, P. 133-142

Reference (Deposit): 1943 DIREXPL U.S.B.M.

Reference (Deposit): 1944 DIREXPL MAGMA COPPER CO.

Reference (Deposit): PAYDIRT, 1968

Reference (Deposit): SAWYER, M.B., GURMENDI, A.C., DALEY, M.R., AND HOWELL, S.B., 1992, PRINCIPAL DEPOSITS OF STRATEGIC AND CRITICAL MINERALS IN ARIZONA: U.S. BUREAU OF MINES SPECIAL PUBLICATION, 334 P.

Reference (Deposit): EPLER, BILL, STILL PROBLEMS, BUT THINGS ARE LOOKING UP AT MAGMA COPPER, SOUTHWESTERN PAY DIRT, 9/89, P.19A.

Reference (Geology): Porter, T.M., 1998, An overview of the World's porphyry and other hydrothermal copper & gold deposits and their distribution; in Porter, T. M., ed., Porphyry and Hydrothermal Copper and Gold Deposits: a global perspective, PACRIM '98 Conference Proceedings, Australian Mineral Foundation, p. 3-17.

Reference (Geology): The Porter GeoConsultancy webpage for San Manuel contains a description of the geology. Accessed on 9/28/2010. http://www.portergeo.com.au/
URL: http://www.portergeo.com.au

Reference (Deposit): MINING RECORD, 1972

Reference (Deposit): LOWELL, 1968, ECON GEOLOGY, V. 63, P. 645-654

Reference (Deposit): CREASEY, 1967, USGS BULL 1218

Reference (Deposit): LOWELL, J.D., AND GUILBERT, J.M., 1970, LATERAL AND VERTICAL ALTERATION-MINERALIZATION ZONING IN PROPHYRY ORE DEPOSITS: ECON. GEOL., V. 65, NO. 4, P. 373-408.

Reference (Age): Creasey, S.C., 1966, Isotopic age of fresh and altered igneous rocks associated with copper deposits, southeastern Arizona; Geological Society of America, Special Paper 87, 39 p.

Reference (Deposit): MINING, MILLING, AND SMELTING METHODS, SAN MANUEL COPPER CORP., PINAL COUNTY, ARIZONA, BY V.B. DALE,BUREAU OF MINES CORP., PINAL COUNTY, ARIZONA, BY V.B. DALE,BUREAU OF MINES I.C. 8104, 1962.

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Arizona Gold

"Where to Find Gold in Arizona" looks at the density of modern placer mining claims along with historical gold mining locations and mining district descriptions to determine areas of high gold discovery potential in Arizona. Read more: Where to Find Gold in Arizona.